The nephrology unit started functioning in 1977 in a modest
way with only one haemodialysis machine. Dialysis was done
with the parallel plate keil board (which is now of
historical importance only.) the present nephrology unit is
housed in a new building on 1st floor and is
equipped with 5 haemodialysis machine, peritoneal dialysis
machine, facilities for electrolyte estimation and water
treatment for dialysis purpose with reverse osmosis plant.
It is one of the 1st dialysis unit in the state
of Uttar Pradesh and currently as an output of 5-6
haemodialyis and 1-2 peritoneal dialysis per day. Besides
these, it provides care for patients of kidney disease
including investigative procedure like renal biopsies etc.
The unit imparts teaching and training to undergraduate and
postgraduate students and provides research facilities to
postgraduates in nephrology. The dialysis facility has been
recently upgraded with 5 new haemodialysis machines.
DIALYSIS
What is dialysis?
the kidneys are pair of organs, each about the size of a
fist. Located on either side of your spine. They're
responsible for purifying your blood by removing waste and
excess fluid from your body. When the kidneys don't work
properly. Dialysis is used to perform the function of the
kidneys.
Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies he blood
using machine. This helps keep your body in balance when
the kidneys can't do their job. Dialysis has been used
since the 1940s o treat people with kidney problems.
Why is dialysis used ?
Properly functioning kidneys prevent extra water, waste,
and other impurities from accumulating in your body. They
also help control blood pressure and regulate the levels of
chemicals in blood, such as sodium, or salt, and potassium.
They even activate a form of vitamin D that improves the
absorption of calcium.
When your kidneys cant perform these functions due to
disease or injury, dialysis can help keep the body running
as possible. Without dialysis, salts and other waste
products will accumulate in the blood and poison the body.
However the dialysis isn't a cure for kidney diseases other
problems effecting the kidney different treatments may be
needed to address those concerns.
How does dialysis work?
Dialysis is an artificial way of cleaning your blood. There
are two different types of dialysis.
Haemodialysis
Haemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. It uses
an artificial kidney, known as haemodialyzer, to remove
waste and chemicals from your blood. To get the blood to
flow to the artificial kidney, your doctor will surgically
create a vascular access, or an entrance point, into your
blood vessel. This vascular access will allow a larger
amount of blood to flow through your body during
haemodialysis treatment. This means more blood can be
filtered and purified.
The two type of vascular access designed for long term
dialysis treatment are an arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Which
connects an artery and a vein and an AV graft which is
looped tube. For a short term use, a catheter may be
inserted into the large vein in your neck. Hamodialysis
treatment are done at hospital, doctors office or dialysis
centre. The length of treatment depends on your body size
and the amount of waste in the body.
After you've been on haemodialysis for an extended amount
of time, your doctor may feel that you're ready to give
yourself dialysis treatments at home. This option is more
common for people who will need long- term treatment.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis involves surgery to implant a catheter
into your belly area. During treatment, a special fluid
called dialysate flows into your abdomen. Once the
dialysate draws waste out of the bloodstream, it's drained
from your abdomen.
There are numerous different types of peritoneal dialysis,
but the main ones are continuous ambulatory peritoneal
dialysis and continuous cycler- assisted peritonea
dialysis. In continues ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, your
abdomen is filled and drained multiple times each day.
Continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis, however,
uses a machine to cycle the fluid in and out of your
abdomen. It's usually done at night while you sleep.
Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home. You'll receive
training on how to perform the steps of the treatment.
Are there any risks associated with dialysis?
While boh peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis and are
treatments that can save your life, they can have certain
risks. Peritoneal dialysis is associated with an increased
risk for infection in or around the catheter site in the
abdominal cavity. For example, a person can experience
peritonitis, an infection of the membrane lining the
abdominal wall, after catheter implantation. Other risks
include:
Abdominal muscle weakening
High blood sugar due to the dextrose in the dialysate
Weight gain
Haemodialysis also has unique risks, including:
Low blood pressure
Anaemia, or not having enough red blood cells
Muscle cramping
Difficulty sleeping
Itching
High blood potassium levels
Depression
Pericarditis, which is an inflammation of the membrane
around the heart.
If you continue to have these symptoms while on peritoneal
dialysis or haemodialysis, tell the healthcare provider
performing the treatment.
How do i prepare for dialysis?
Before your first dialysis treatment, your doctor will
surgically implant a tube or device to gain access to your
bloodstream. This is typically a quick operation. You
should be able to return home the same day.
It's best to wear comfortable clothing during your dialysis
treatments. You should also follow your doctor's
instructions, which may include fasting for a certain
amount of time before the treatment.
What is the long-term outlook someone; why needs dialysis?
Not all kidney disorders are permanent. Dialysis can
temporarily serve the same function as kidneys until your
own kidneys repair themselves and begin to work on their
own again. However, in chronic kidney disease, the kidneys
rarely get better. You must go on dialysis permanently or
until a kidney transplant becomes an option if you have
this condition.
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal
failure, chronic renal disease, or chronic kidney failure,
is much more widespread than people realize: it is often
goes undetected an undone diagnosed until the disease is
well advanced. It is not unusual for people to realize they
have chronic kidney failure only when their kidney function
is down to 25% of normal. As kidney failure advances and
the organs function is severely impaired, dangerous levels
of waste and fluid can rapidly build up in the body.