PO-BDS |
BDS
HUMAN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, HISTOLOGY & MEDICAL GENETICS
(A) GOAL The students should gain the knowledge and insight into, the functional anatomy of the normal human head and neck, functional histology and an appreciation of the genetic basis of inheritance and disease, and the embryological development of clinically important structures. So that relevant anatomical & scientific foundations are laid down for the clinical years of the BDS course.
B) OBJECTIVES :
a) KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING:
At the end of the 1st year BDS course in Anatomical Sciences the undergraduate student is expected to: 1. Know the normal disposition of the structures in the body while clinically examining a patient and while conducting clinical procedures. 2. Know the anatomical basis of disease and injury. 3. Know the microscopic structure of the various tissues, a pre-requisite for understanding of the disease processes. 4. Know the nervous system to locate the site of lesions according to the sensory and or motor deficits encountered. 5. Have an idea about the basis of abnormal development, critical stages of development, effects of teratogens, genetic mutations and environmental hazards. 6. Know the sectional anatomy of head neck and brain to read the features in radiographs and pictures taken by modern imaging techniques. 7. Know the anatomy of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
b) SKILLS
C) INTEGRATION
By emphasising on the relevant information and avoiding unwanted details, the anatomy taught integrally with other basic sciences & clinical subjects not only keeps the curiosity alive in the learner but also lays down the scientific foundation for making a better doctor, a benefit to the society. This insight is gained in a variety of ways: 1) Lectures & small group teaching 2) Demonstrations 3) Dissection of the human cadaver 4) Study of dissected specimens 5) Osteology 6) Surface anatomy on living individual 7) Study of radiographs & other modern imaging techniques. 8) Study of Histology slides. 9) Study of embryology models 10) Audio-visual aids HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY A) GOAL The broad goal of the teaching undergraduate students in Human Physiology aims at providing the student comprehensive knowledge of the normal functions of the organ systems of the body to facilitate an understanding of the physiological basis of health and disease. OBJECTIVES a) KNOWLEDGE At the end of the course, the student will be able to: 1. Explain the normal functioning of all the organ systems and their interactions for well co-ordinated total body function. 2. Assess the relative contribution of each organ system towards the maintenance of the milieu interior. 3. List the physiological principles underlying the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. b) SKILLS At the end of the course, the student shall be able to : 1. Conduct experiments designed for the study of physiological phenomena. 2. Interprete experimental and investigative data 3. Distinguish between normal and abnormal data derived as a result of tests which he/she has performed and observed in the laboratory. c) INTEGRATION At the end of the integrated teaching the student shall acquire an integrated knowledge of organ structure and function and its regulatory mechanisms. BIOCHEMISTRY AIMS AND SCOPE OF THE COURSE IN BIOCHEMISTRY The major aim is to provide a sound but crisp knowledge on the biochemical basis of the life processes relevant to the human system and to dental/medical practice. The contents should be organised to build on the already existing information available to the students in the pre-university stage and reorienting. A mere rehash should be avoided. The chemistry portion should strive towards providing information on the functional groups, hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties and weak valence forces that organise macromolecules. Details on structure need not be emphasised. Discussion on metabolic processes should put emphasis on the overall change, interdependence and molecular turnover. While details of the steps may be given, the student should not be expected to memorise them. An introduction to biochemical genetics and molecular biology is a must but details should be avoided. The exposure to antivitamins, antimetabolites and enzyme inhibitors at this stage, will provide a basis for the future study of medical subjects. An overview of metabolic regulation is to be taught by covering hormonal action, second messengers and regulation of enzyme activities. Medical aspects of biochemistry should avoid describing innumerable functional tests, most of which are not in vogue. Cataloguing genetic disorders under each head of metabolism is unnecessary. A few examples which correlate genotype change to functional changes should be adequate. At the end of the course the student would be able to acquire a useful core of information, which can be retained for a long time. Typical acid tests can be used to determine what is to be taught or what is to be learnt. 3. DENTAL ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND ORAL HISTOLOGY A) INTRODUCTION: Dental Anatomy including Embryology and Oral Histology – a composite of basic Dental Sciences & their clinical applications. I. SKILLS The student should acquire basic skills in: 1. Carving of crowns of permanent teeth in wax. 2. Microscopic study of Oral tissues. 3. Identification of Deciduous & Permanent teeth. 4. Age estimation by patterns of teeth eruption from plaster casts of different age groups. B) OBJECTIVES: After a course on Dental Anatomy including Embryology and Oral Histology, 1. The student is expected to appreciate the normal development, morphology, structure & functions of oral tissues & variations in different pathological/non-pathological states. 2. The student should understand the histological basis of various dental treatment procedures and physiologic ageing process in the dental tissues. 3. The students must know the basic knowledge of various research methodologies. 4. GENERAL PATHOLOGY A) AIM: At the end of the course the student should be competent to: Apply the scientific study of disease processes, which result in morphological and functional alterations in cells, tissues and organs to the study of pathology and the practice of dentistry. B) OBJECTIVES: Enabling the student
MICROBIOLOGY A) AIM: To introduce the students to the exciting world of microbes. To make the students aware of various branches of microbiology, importance, significance and contribution of each branch to mankind and other fields of medicine. The objectives of teaching microbiology can be achieved by various Teaching techniques such as: a) Lectures b) Lecture Demonstrations c) Practical exercises d) Audio visual aids e) small group discussions with regular feedback from the students. B) OBJECTIVES: I. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING At the end of the Microbiology course the student is expected to: 1. Understand the basics of various branches of microbiology and able to apply the knowledge relevantly. 2. Apply the knowledge gained in related medical subjects like General Medicine and General Surgery and Dental subjects like Oral Pathology, Community Dentistry, Periodontics, Oral Surgery, Pedodontics, Conservative Dentistry and Oral medicine in higher classes. 3. Understand and practice various methods of Sterilisation and disinfection in dental clinics. 4. Have a sound understanding of various infectious diseases and lesions in the oral cavity. II. SKILLS 1. Student should have acquired the skill to diagnose, differentiate various oral lesions. 2. Should be able to select, collect and transport clinical specimens to the laboratory. 3. Should be able to carry out proper aseptic procedures in the dental clinic. 5. GENERAL AND DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS A) GOAL: The broad goal of teaching under graduate students in pharmacology is to inculcate rational and scientific basis of therapeutics keeping in view of dental curriculum and Profession. B) OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course the student shall be able to: 1. Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of essential and commonly used drugs in general and in dentistry in particular. 2. List the indications, contraindications; interactions, and adverse reactions of commonly used drugs with reason. 3. Tailor the use of appropriate drugs in disease with consideration to its cost, efficacy, safety for individual and mass therapy needs. 4. Indicate special cares in prescribing common and essential drugs in special medical situations such as pregnancy, lactation, old age, renal, hepatic damage and immuno compromised patients. 5. Integrate the rational drug therapy in clinical pharmacology. 6. Indicate the principles underlying the concepts of “Essential drugs”. I. SKILLS: At the end of the course the student shall be able to: 1) Prescribe drugs for common dental and medical ailments. 2) To appreciate adverse reactions and drug interactions of commonly used drugs. 3) Observe experiments designed for study of effects of drugs. 4) Critically evaluate drug formulations and be able to interpret the clinical pharmacology of marketed preparations commonly used in dentistry. 6. DENTAL MATERIALS The science of Dental Material has undergone tremendous changes over the years. Continued research has led to new material systems and changing concepts in the dental field. Interlinked with various specialised branches of chemistry, practically all engineering applied sciences and biological characteristics, the science of dental material emerged as a basic sciences in itself with its own values and principles. A) AIMS: Aim of the course is to present basic chemical and physical properties of Dental materials as they are related to its manipulation to give a sound educational background so that the practice of the dentistry emerged from art to empirical status of science as more information through further research becomes available. It is also the aim of the course of Dental materials to provide with certain criteria of selection and which will enable to discriminate between facts and propaganda with regards to claims of manufactures. B) OBJECTIVES: To understand the evolution and development of science of dental material. To explain purpose of course in dental materials to personnel’s concerned with the profession of the dentistry. Knowledge of physical and chemical properties. Knowledge of biomechanical requirements of particular restorative procedure. An intelligent compromise of the conflicting as well as co-ordinating factors into the desired Ernest. Laying down standards or specifications of various materials to guide to manufacturers as well as to help professionals. Search for newer and better materials which may answer our requirements with greater satisfaction. To understand and evaluate the claims made by manufactures of dental materials 8. ORAL PATHOLOGY & ORAL MICROBIOLOGY A) OBJECTIVES: At the end of Oral Pathology & Oral Microbiology course, the student should be able to comprehend- 1. The different types of pathological processes, that involve the oral cavity. 2. The manifestations of common diseases, their diagnosis & correlation with clinical pathological processes. 3. An understanding of the oral manifestations of systemic diseases should help in correlating with the systemic physical signs & laboratory findings. 4. The student should understand the underlying biological principles governing treatment of oral diseases. 5. The principles of certain basic aspects of Forensic Odontology. I. SKILLS: 1. Microscopic study of common lesions affecting oral tissues through microscopic slides & projection slides. 2. Study of the disease process by surgical specimens. 3. Study of teeth anomalies/polymorphisms through tooth specimens & plaster casts. 4. Microscopic study of plaque pathogens. 5. Study of haematological preparations (blood films) of anaemias & leukemias. 6. Basic exercises in Forensic Odontology such as histological methods of age estimation and appearance of teeth in injuries. 9. GENERAL MEDICINE GUIDELINES: Special emphasis should be given throughout on the importance of various diseases as applicable to dentistry. 1. Special precautions/ contraindication of anaesthesia and various dental procedures in different systemic diseases. 2. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases. 3. Medical emergencies in dental practice. A dental student should be taught in such a manner he/she is able to record the arterial pulse, blood pressure and be capable of suspecting by sight and superficial examination of the body – diseases of the heart, lungs, kidneys, blood etc. He should be capable of handling medical emergencies encountered in dental practice. 10. GENERAL SURGERY A) AIMS: To acquaint the student with various diseases, which may require surgical expertise and to train the student to analyze the history and be able to do a thorough physical examination of the patient. The diseases as related to head and neck region are to be given due importance, at the same time other relevant surgical problems are also to be addressed. At the end of one year of study the student should have a good theoretical knowledge of various ailments, and be practically trained to differentiate benign and malignant diseases and be able to decide which patient requires further evaluation. 11. CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS OBJECTIVES: A. Knowledge and understanding B. Skills and C. Attitudes A). Knowledge and understanding: The graduate should acquire the following knowledge during the period of training. i. To diagnose and treat simple restorative work for teeth. ii. To gain knowledge about aesthetic restorative material and to translate the same to patients needs. iii. To gain the knowledge about endodontic treatment on the basis of scientific foundation. iv. To carry out simple endodontic treatment. v. To carry out simple luexation of tooth and its treatment and to provide emergency endodontic treatment. B) SKILLS: He should attain following skills necessary for practice of dentistry i) To use medium and high speed hand pieces to carry out restorative work. ii) Poses the skills to use and familiarise endodontic instruments and materials needed for carrying out simple endodontic treatment. iii) To achieve the skills to translate patients esthetic needs along with function. C) ATTITUDES: i). Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and apply these in all aspects of professional life. ii). Willingness to participate in CDE programme to update the knowledge and professional skill from time to time. iii). To help and participate in the implementation of the national oral health policy. iv). He should be able to motivate the patient for proper dental treatment at the same time proper maintenance of oral hygiene should be emphasise which will help to maintain the restorative work and prevent future damage. 12. ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY A) AIMS: To produce a graduate who is competent in performing extraction of teeth under both local and general anaesthesia, prevent and manage related complications, acquire a reasonable knowledge and understanding of the various diseases, injuries, infections occurring in the Oral & Maxillofacial region and offer solutions to such of those common conditions and has an exposure in to the in-patient management of maxillofacial problems. B) OBJECTIVES: I. Knowledge & Understanding: At the end of the course and the clinical training the graduate is expected to - 1. Able to apply the knowledge gained in the related medical subjects like pathology, microbiology and general medicine in the management of patients with oral surgical problem. 2. Able to diagnose, manage and treat (understand the principles of treatment of) patients with oral surgical problems. 3. Knowledge of range of surgical treatments. 4. Ability to decide the requirement of a patient to have oral surgical specialist opinion or treatment. 5. Understand the principles of in-patient management. 6. Understanding of the management of major oral surgical procedures and principles involved in patient management. 7. Should know ethical issues and communication ability. II. Skills: 1. A graduate should have acquired the skill to examine any patient with an oral surgical problem in an orderly manner. Be able to understand requisition of various clinical and laboratory investigations and is capable of formulating differential diagnosis. 2. Should be competent in the extraction of teeth under both local and general anaesthesia. 3. Should be able to carry out certain minor oral surgical procedures under L.A. like frenectomy, alveolar procedures & biopsy etc. 4. Ability to assess, prevent and manage various complications during and after surgery. 5. Able to provide primary cares and manage medical emergencies in the dental office. 6. Understanding of the management of major oral surgical problems and principles involved in inpatient management. 13. ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY A) AIMS: (1) To train the students to diagnose the common disorders of Orofacial region by clinical examination and with the help of such investigations as may be required and medical management of oro-facial disorders with drugs and physical agents. (2) To train the students about the importance, role, use and techniques of radiographs/digital radiograph and other imaging methods in diagnosis. (3) The principles of the clinical and radiographic aspects of Forensic Odontology. The syllabus in ORAL MEDICINE & RADIOLOGY is divided into two main parts. (I) Diagnosis, Diagnostic methods and Oral Medicine (II) Oral Radiology. Again the part ONE is subdivided into three sections. (A) Diagnostic methods (B) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis (C) Oral Medicine & Therapeutics. 14. ORTHODONTICS & DENTAL ORTHOPAEDICS COURSE OBJECTIVE: Undergraduate programme in Orthodontics is designed to enable the qualifying dental surgeon to diagnose, analyse and treat common orthodontic problems by preventive, interceptive and corrective orthodontic procedures.
15. PAEDIATRIC & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY 16. PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY A) GOAL: To prevent and control oral diseases and promote oral health through organized community efforts B) OBJECTIVES: I. Knowledge: At the conclusion of the course the student shall have a knowledge of the basis of public health, preventive dentistry, public health problems in India, Nutrition, Environment and their role in health, basics of dental statistics, epidemiological methods, National oral health policy with emphasis on oral health policy. II. Skill and Attitude: At the conclusion of the course the students shall have require at the skill of identifying health problems affecting the society, conducting health surveys, conducting health education classes and deciding health strategies. Students should develop a positive attitude towards the problems of the society and must take responsibilities in providing health. III. Communication abilities: At the conclusions of the course the student should be able to communicate the needs of the community efficiently, inform the society of all the recent methodologies in preventing oral disease 18. PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN & BRIDGE
19. AESTHETIC DENTISTRY Aesthetic Dentistry is gaining more popularity since last decade. It is better that undergraduate students should understand the philosophy and scientific knowledge of the esthetic dentistry. 20. FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (30 hrs of instruction) Definition : Forensic is derived from the Latin word forum, which means ‘court of law.’ Odontology literally implies ‘the study of teeth.’ Forensic odontology, therefore, has been defined by the Fédération Dentaire International (FDI) as “that branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings.” Objectives of the undergraduate curriculum: At the end of the programme, the dental graduate should: 1. Have sound knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of forensic odontology. 2. Have an awareness of ethical obligations and legal responsibilities in routine practice and forensic casework. 3. Be competent to recognise forensic cases with dental applications when consulted by the police, forensic pathologists, lawyers and associated professionals. 4. Be competent in proper collection of dental evidence related to cases of identification, ethnic and sex differentiation, age estimation and bite marks. 5. Be able to assist in analysis, evaluation, and presentation of dental facts within the realm of law. 21. ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY (30 hrs of instruction) INTRODUCTION TO ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY Oral Implantology is now emerged as a new branch in dentistry world-wide and it has been given a separate status in the universities abroad. In India day to day the practice of treating patients with implants are on rise. In this contest inclusion of this branch into under graduate curriculum has become very essential. The objective behind this is to impart basic knowledge of Oral Implantology to undergraduates and enable them to diagnose, plan the treatment and to carry out the needed pre surgical mouth preparations and treat or refer them to speciality centres. This teaching programme may be divided and carried out by the Dept. of Oral Surgery, Prosthodontics and Periodontics. 22. BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (20 hrs of instruction) GOAL: The aim of teaching behavioural sciences to undergraduate student is to impart such knowledge & skills that may enable him to apply principles of behaviour – a) For all round development of his personality b) In various therapeutic situations in dentistry. The student should be able to develop skills of assessing psychological factors in each patient, explaining stress, learning simple counselling techniques, and improving patients compliance behaviour. OBJECTIVES: I. KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to: 1) Comprehend different aspects of normal behaviour like learning, memory, motivation, personality & intelligence. 2) Recognise difference between normal and abnormal behaviour. 3) Classify psychiatric disorders in dentistry. 4) Recognise clinical manifestations of dental phobia, dental anxiety, facial pain, orofacial manifestations of psychiatric disorders, and behavioural problems in children. Addictive disorders, psychological disorders in various dental departments. 5) Should have understanding of stress in dentistry and knowledge of simple counselling techniques. 6) Have some background knowledge of interpersonal, managerial and problem-solving skills which are an integral part of modern dental practice. 7) Have knowledge of social context of dental cares. II. SKILLS The student shall be able to: 1) Interview the patient and understand different methods of communication skills in dentist - patient relationship. 2) Improve patients compliance behaviour. 3) Develop better interpersonal, managerial and problem-solving skills. 4) Diagnose and manage minor psychological problems while treating dental patients.
CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS (BDS) OBJECTIVES:
A. Knowledge and understanding B. Skills and C. Attitudes A). Knowledge and under standing: The graduate should acquire the following knowledge during the period of training. i. To diagnose and treat simple restorative work for teeth. ii. To gain knowledge about aesthetic restorative material and to translate the same to patients needs. iii. To gain the knowledge about endodontic treatment on the basis of scientific foundation. iv. To carry out simple endodontic treatment. v. To carry out simple luexation of tooth and its treatment and to provide emergency endodontic treatment. SKILLS: He should attain following skills necessary for practice of dentistry i) To use medium and high speed hand pieces to carry out restorative work. ii) Poses the skills to use and familiarise endodontic instruments and materials needed for carrying out simple endodontic treatment. iii) To achieve the skills to translate patients esthetic needs along with function. ATTITUDES: i). Maintain a high standard of professional ethics and conduct and apply these in all aspects of professional life. ii). Willingness to participate in CDE programme to update the knowledge and professional skill from time to time. iii). To help and participate in the implementation of the national oral health policy. iv). He should be able to motivate the patient for proper dental treatment at the same time proper maintenance of oral hygiene should be emphasise which will help to maintain the restorative work and prevent future damage
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